mesozoic era http://www.artwoo.com Returned search results for mesozoic era Copyright 2008 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 12:58:41 +0000 http://www.artwoo.com/rss/mesozoic+era Noah's Flood http://www.artwoo.com/article/noahs-flood http://www.artwoo.com/article/noahs-flood#comments Tue, 18 Apr 2006 00:50:02 +0000 flood eventflood storiesglobaldefinitelynoahmankindpoint of view http://www.artwoo.com/article/noahs-flood Noah is one of the centerpiece arguments for young-earth theology. Because of this, I have been asked what I believe the Flood of Noah was like.

To answer this question, let us first look at what the Flood is not...it is not the event that has been described by the young-earth theorists. There is no possible way the Flood could produce the rock record we see, nor could the flood produce all the coal layers, oil reserves, or chalk layers that we see in the rocks. If you want to explore these topics first, click on them to examine them in closer detail.

Was the Flood ?

This is probably the biggest question I get asked. This will be a short answer to such a big question, but...no.

You may ask how I can believe in an inerrant Bible if I don't believe the Flood was global. The Bible says the waters covered the entire face of the earth (Gen. 7:19). However, when considering any writing, one must take into account the author's .

What is the author of Genesis's point of view? He is writing the story from the viewpoint of the witnesses, or, . At the time of the Flood, mankind was still limited to the Middle East. Therefore, if you wipe out mankind, which all existed in one geographic area, you could easily say the Flood was global, since everywhere that man lived, it was flooded. Does that mean that North America was flooded? Think of it this way. You are in your house, and a flood comes and covers your entire house, leaving you sitting on your rooftop, with no land in sight. This may not be global, or, over the entire surface of the earth, but to you, it is 'global', for your entire world, all the land that you own, all the land that you can see, is flooded.

Or, think of it from Noah's viewpoint. All the from around the globe originated from Noah, since all mankind is descended from him. If you are Noah, on the Ark, floating around with no land in sight for months on end, you too would certainly call the Flood global. Therefore from his viewpoint, global would be the correct word, even though there is no proof that the Flood actually covered the entire earth.

If the Flood was global, there is no proof that it covered the entire earth, either geologically or from writings, including the Bible. It was certainly 'global' from Noah's viewpoint, but we can't be certain that he completely circled the globe to prove that it was indeed global.

Food Supply

In Genesis 8:11, the dove that Noah sent out brought back an olive leaf as proof of dry land. Let's look a little closer at this from a young-earth perspective.

In order to prove the Flood, and the necessary erosion that took place in order to deposit all the rock layers we see today, two young-earth theorists, Baumgardner and Barnette, worked out a simulation of the current patterns and speeds if the entire globe was covered in water.(Footnote 1) The important thing to note here is that the water currents were at least 131 feet per second, or more than 89 miles per hour! (Actual speeds varied between 89 MPH and 194 MPH). At that velocity, all previously existing trees would have been torn from their roots, and there would be no living trees or plants to survive the flood. So, where did the olive leaf come from? It would have to be a leaf from a seedling which the dove brought back, because none of the pre-existing trees would have survived.

Since none of these trees could have survived, there would have been no plant food for any of the animals (or Noah) to eat. How did the plant-eating animals survive after they were released from the Ark? The young-earth model cannot answer this.

How did the meat-eating animals survive? They would naturally have to immediately feed on the plant-eaters, which would have made them extinct within a matter of weeks. The young-earth global flood model again fails to answer this.

However, if the Flood were local, not global, then the animals would merely have to migrate a short distance to find food. Clearly, the local flood model is the only one which can logically explain survival of animal species after the Flood of Noah.

Wildlife Ranges

What about the other continents...where they flooded? Was Australia flooded? If so, how did the wildlife there, such as Koalas and Kangaroos, get to Australia from the Ark? Did they swim across the sea? Of course not. If they migrated from Noah's Ark, you would expect Koala and Kangaroo populations to exist all along this migratory route...but they are only located in Australia. A young-earth flood model cannot explain the wildlife habitat ranges that we see today in Australia, nor the other continents.

Dinosaurs

Young earth theorists are quick to use dinosaur graveyards as evidence of Noah's Flood. They claim the dinosaurs herded together, and then were quickly buried. However, this explanation is not feasible.

The dinosaur graveyards referred to are mostly in North America, in sediments in Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, Montana, and Canada. However, looking at the positioning of the rock layers, there are thousands of feet of sediment below these layers that the young-earth theorists claim were deposited by the Flood.

To make this more understandable, let's look at the Grand Canyon. Steven Austin, in his book Grand Canyon: Monument to Catastrophe, claims the Canyon rocks represent those which were deposited during the rising waters phase of the Flood (Figure 4.1). The "Late Flood", or receding water rock deposits, are the Mesozoic sediments.

It is interesting to note that all the dinosaur fossils, including the mass graves, are Mesozoic in age. This means that all the dinosaurs died in the receding water phase of the flood. However, it is clear from Genesis 7:21-23, that all life was killed during the first 40 days of the Flood. Some young-earth theorists will argue that the bodies floated around, and eventually sank, based on various factors as body size, density, and so forth. However, this cannot be true, because the dinosaur footprints all exist in the same Mesozoic rock layers, as do all the dinosaur coprolites (fossilized dinosaur poop), and fossilized dinosaur eggs. Clearly, the dinosaurs were alive and well, after the declaration in Genesis 7:21-23 that all living things were killed during the first forty days of the flood. Clearly, the young earth flood model cannot explain the dinosaur fossil distribution in the rock record. However, if one accepts a local flood event, with the dinosaurs having lived over 65 million years ago, there are no problems.

Conclusion

The young-earth flood model falls flat on its face when compared to the rock record. There is no global, geological evidence for a flood, nor can the young-earth model explain animal survival when there was no food supply, animal distribution ranges, nor dinosaurs which survived the first forty days of the flood.

The old-earth explanation can handle all these problems. You can believe in an old earth, and still believe in Noah's Flood. It was not "global" over the entire earth, but it certainly was "global" if you were in Noah's shoes.

FOOTNOTE:

1 Baumgardner and Barnette (icr.org/index.php?module=researchandaction=indexandpage=researchp_jb_patternsofcirculation) Greg Neyman is the founder of the website ministry Answers In Creation, located at http://www.answersincreation.org.. The original location of this article is at http://www.answersincreation.org./flood.htm. ]]> Trivia Teaser Online: Free Online Trivia Game http://www.artwoo.com/article/trivia-teaser-online-free-online-trivia-game http://www.artwoo.com/article/trivia-teaser-online-free-online-trivia-game#comments Thu, 23 Aug 2007 09:15:01 +0000 trivia questionwater triviaminute triviacontinental drift theoryturkey buzzardsturkey buzzardmesozoic era http://www.artwoo.com/article/trivia-teaser-online-free-online-trivia-game Trivia Question: How far does human blood travel during one day?

Trivia Answer: 12,000 miles

Trivia Teaser: On average the blood fully circulates in the human body some seven to eight times per minute.

Trivia Question: What bird is the longest lived?

Trivia Answer:

Trivia Teaser: have a long life span compared to most other birds; they can live up to 30 years in captivity.

Trivia Question: What continent has the most countries?

Trivia Answer: Africa

Trivia Teaser: Africa is home to 53 independent countries, representing more than 25 percent of the countries of the world. There are 47 countries on mainland Africa and six nearby island countries.

Trivia Question: What mammal is the longest lived?

Trivia Answer: Human

Trivia Teaser: The mammal with the longest recorded life is man. Some human beings live more than 110 years. After humans, the Asiatic elephant lives the longest; one elephant lived to be 78 years old.

Trivia Question: What is the largest continent on earth?

Trivia Answer: Asia

Trivia Teaser: Currently, Asia is Earth's largest continent at approximately 17,300,000 square miles (44,806,812 square kilometers). Africa comes in second at about 11,700,000 square miles (30,300,000 square kilometers). However, suggests that the continents have moved over the years through the process of plate tectonics. Many geologists believe that, during the , all of the continents combined to form a supercontinent known as Pangaea which would have dwarfed the largest continent today. It is believed that Pangaea began to break up about 200 million years ago.

Trivia Question: What percentage of the earth is covered by water?

Trivia Answer: 70 percent

Trivia Teaser: Seventy percent of the Earth's surface is covered by water. The remaining 30 percent is covered by mountains, volcanoes, deserts, plains, and valleys. Only 3 percent of that water is fresh or drinking water. Earth is the only planet that can have water in liquid form on the surface. If you enjoy a Free Online Trivia Game you should visit the Trivia Teaser Online Contest at http://TriviaTeaserOnline.com ]]> Climate Change Hoax - Perhaps! http://www.artwoo.com/article/climate-change-hoax-perhaps http://www.artwoo.com/article/climate-change-hoax-perhaps#comments Fri, 28 Nov 2008 10:36:22 +0000 ancient climatespaleozoic eranasa scientistscarbon dioxide levelshighs and lowsgag ordercenozoic era http://www.artwoo.com/article/climate-change-hoax-perhaps
The book, "The Chilling Stars: The New Theory of Climate Change," explains how the sun's cosmic rays have a much larger affect on the earth's climate than the do. We just so happen to be going through a quiet period with the sun right now. During this quiet time the sun does not give us as much protection and allows more rays from outer space to hit us. This causes more clouds which leads to cooler temperatures.

During questioning of recently, all three of them avoided directly answering questions about climate change. All of them would only say that it was not their area of expertise. They would not even give their personal opinion about what they thought. One had even read the book mentioned above and still would not say if he agreed with the book or not. Makes me wonder if they have a on them.

There is also further evidence of a climate change hoax when you look at . Look at the average temperature for the mid , which ended about 250 million years ago, and you see that it was about 27 degrees C. At the end of the Mesozoic Era, when the dinosaurs ruled, the average temperature also hung around 27 degrees C. We are in the which started at about 25 degrees C and at present our average temperature is about 15 degrees C, so we have gone down as far as 12 degrees C. In other words, we are only warming up from a minimum of 12 degrees C but nowhere near warmer than we have been in earth's history.

All of the eras have had their , which should make one think that maybe it is a normal cycle of the earth to have these changes. When the temperature dropped right after the mid Paleozoic Era it only stayed low for a little while and then climbed right back to 27 degrees. Back then, the earth did not have the factors that we have today that people blame for global warming.

So why did the earth warm up after cooling? There have been similar ups and downs in the average temps throughout the different eras. Actually, our Cenozoic Era has been low, temperature wise, for the last half of it. We are averaging quite cool temperatures now comparing the overall averages of the other eras.

Another sign that shows that global warming is questionable is that Antarctica's ice is in better shape than reported earlier. In October 2008, the ice extent makes up to 18.1 million square km, up from the measurement taken in October 1979 when it reached 18.0 million square km. The concentration of the ice is 13.9 million square km, a rise from 13.6 million square km. So where is this drastic melting we keep hearing about?

Also, it has been suggested by the Equinox series that some scientists have actually had funding denied because they wanted to try to discredit the present global warming theory.

So is global warming a hoax? Do your own research and discover the facts on this climate change hoax for yourself.Barry is a meteorologist by trade. How has the earth changed during its ancient climates throughout history? Barry's weather man page provides more details about the author. More about global warming on his website.]]> Great Expectations About Dinosaurs http://www.artwoo.com/article/great-expectations-about-dinosaurs http://www.artwoo.com/article/great-expectations-about-dinosaurs#comments Tue, 01 Jul 2008 10:50:28 +0000 term dinosaurdinosaur groupsextinct reptilesage of reptilesextinction event65 million yearsearth millions http://www.artwoo.com/article/great-expectations-about-dinosaurs
A majority of people think that all dinosaurs are ferociously big reptiles. Although this is generally true, there are many believed misconceptions, especially abut their extinction.

As noted since the year 1842, the term "dinosaur" signifies "terrible lizard". For a fact, dinosaurs are not lizards but they shared a similar ancestor. As a bulk or group, lizards are regarded as "primitive" types as compared to the dinosaurs. Although dinosaurs were considered as the largest amongst land animals, many of these "great dinosaurs" were no larger than a common turkey.

It is indicated that dinosaurs thrived the Earth during the Mesozoic era. This is also what they called as "The ", which lasted from approximately 245 million up to ago. As time passed, it is believed that these got bigger. Thus, things changed when the so-called "" took place 65 million years ago, wiping out all dinosaurs except for a few dinosaurs that were bird-like in features.

Amidst many disagreements amongst scientists, it was still noted that this extinction event may have started as a kind of asteroid impact, subsequently resulting to the erupting volcanoes' choking of chemicals and extreme climatic changes among others.

This is one reason why only the classic big dinosaurs have become extinct. Experts still believe that birds are actually living dinosaurs. Others also believe that the Pterosaurs or the flying were dinosaurs. As a matter of fact, they are merely the closest relatives of the dinosaurs. They are not dinosaurs, technically.

Paleontology has helped many understand dinosaurs and the way they roamed the of years ago. Paleontology is the study of fossils. It will tell you the appearance of the organism and its evolutionary process. Thus, a fossil is regarded as any trace or remains like a bone, footprint or shell that was preserved inside a rock via gradually being changed into a rock itself. These traces or remains should belong to any type of plant or animal that walked through the Earth a long, long time ago.

From the previously recovered fossils, studies showed that some dinosaurs that were more advanced had feathers or actual body coverings that were feather-like. Even so, several of these advanced dinosaurs cannot fly or glide, for that matter. The purpose of their feathers is not for flight but for keeping warm, just like juveniles.

Furthermore, scientists have found a way to classify the dinosaurs. They divided them in two chief groups. They based it on the bone structure of the dinosaur's hips.

One category would be the Saurischian Dinosaurs. It is pronounced as "sor-ISK-ee-en. A good example would be the Deinonychus, Maniraptors, the famous Tyrannosaurs Rex and some birds. These dinosaurs are "reptile-hipped" and their pelvis actually points forward, which is very similar to other primitive animals as well. Other features of the Saurischian Dinosaurs would be:

• Sharp and large teeth
• Long neck
• 1st finger that points away from the other fingers
• Long 2nd fingers

These Saurischian Dinosaurs are further subdivided into two major groups. This would be the:

1. Sauropods -- These are 4-legged herbivores. Good examples would be the Brachiosaurusm Diplodocus and the Apatosaurus among others. These were the largest amongst land animals but they had very small brains. They also had large guts which they use in order to digest grasses and leaves.

2. Theropods -- These are 2-legged carnivores. Living birds are also associated as Theropods. Good examples would be the Allosaurus, Albertosaurus and the Velociraptor. They are considered as very agile. They possess large eyes making them very keen on spotting prey. They have "grasping claws" and sharp teeth meant for slicing their prey. The Theropods are also indicated as the extinct birds' ancestors. This would include the Archaeopteryx or the "first bird" ever documented. Other living birds that had evolved from different branches of the family tree of dinosaurs are also included in this sect. When it comes to their behavior, science has come a long way in knowing about the wonders of the dinosaur era. Scientists have noted that Theropod Dinosaurs have a similar behavior to actual living birds. This would include tucking their heads beneath their forelimbs when they sleep and nesting in order to have their eggs protected.

The other category is the Ornithischian Dinosaurs. It is pronounced as or-neh-THISK-ee-en. This group has horns and frills. Examples would include the Iguanodontids, Ceratopsians, Duck-billed Hadrosaurs and Armored Stegosaurs among others. Among these the Duck-billed Hadrosaurs are the mild mannered and plant eaters of the group. The dinosaurs in this group has a pelvis that is pointing backward or "bird hips". This is amidst the fact that birds are not their ancestors. Thus, their bird hips is a bit stable and provides a more lumbering appearance. They also possess a bump in front of the lower portion of their jaw. This is actually 'beak-like". Plus, their teeth are blunter and smaller as compared to the Saurischian Dinosaurs.

Some of the common and popular dinosaurs are as follows:

1. Ceratosaurus

Fossils found in: Fremont County, Colorado, USA from 1883 up to 1884
Estimated Height: 2 meters or 6 feet and 6 inches
Estimated Length: 6 meters or 20 feet
Estimated Weight: 1 tonne

The Ceratosaurs or the so-called "horned reptile" was a carnivorous dinosaur that had a bony hump right on its snout. Many scientists believe that this hump was not used as a form of protection but as their means of fighting with other males for mates. The weaponry it uses for protection would be its bone-crashing jaws and giant fangs. It is also believed that they were very good swimmers.

2. Deinonychus

Fossils found in: North America
Estimated Weight: 250 pounds or 80 kilograms
Estimated Length: 3 up to 3.3 meters or 10 up to 11 feet
The Deinonychus or the so-called "terrible claw" had claws and a toe that is sickle-shaped on each of its foot. It is a known carnivore that hunts in packs. It also uses its tail in order to keep its balance while doing a leaping attack. In order to slash its victim, it will use its swiveling claws situated in its 2nd toe.

3. Dilophosaurus

Fossils found in: Arizona, USA in the year 1942
Estimated Weight: 1,500 pounds or 681.8 kilograms
Estimated length: 6 meters or 20 feet

The Dilophosaurus or the so-called "two-ridged reptile" had two bony thin crests which looks a lot like 2 half dinner plates that runs from the top portion of its nose towards the back part of its huge head. Since it has slender and weak jaws, it does not have the ability to prey on other reptiles. It is more likely to be a scavenger. Thus, its feet had 3 clawed toes and a bi toe that is turned backward.

4. Diplodocus

Fossils found in: Canyon City, Colorado, USA in the year 1877
Estimated Weight: 10 up to 11 tonnes
Estimated Length: 27 meters or 88 feet and 6 inches

The Diplodocus or the so-called "double beam" has small bones underneath its backbone. These beams would have a piece running forward and a piece running backward, thus the reason why it is regarded as having double beams. The Diplodocus has 15-neck vertebrae. Its feet were similar to that of an elephant's, having 5 short toes. Thus, it is the longest known dinosaur that ever walked the Earth. In fact, its size was its main form of defense. Its long tail is also a defense mechanism to whip its attackers. Many scientists believed that the Diplodocus eats leaves that weigh more than 1 metric tonnes.

5. Plesiosaurus

Fossils found in: England by a certain Mary Anning in the year 1821
Estimated Length: 2.5 up to 14 meters or 8.20 up to 45.93 feet

The Plesiosaurus is actually not an indicated dinosaur. It is more of a huge swimming reptile. Its name signifies "nearer to the reptiles". This is due to the fact that it is in-between a type of fish and a reptile. In fact, it is similar to a "modern-day" sea lion. Scientists believe that it was a "bottom-feeder" which completely swims underwater through the use of its large limbs that were formed like paddles. It also uses its long neck to dart towards the clams, snails and fishes. Thus, since it still needs air to be able to breathe, it will generally come up to the surface of the water once in a while.

6. Pteranodon

Fossils found in: Smoky Hill River, Kansas, USA from the year 1870 up to the year 1871.
Estimated Wing Span: 7 meters or 23 feet
Estimated Weight: 36.6 pounds or 16.6 kilograms

The Pteranodon or the "toothless flyer" was considered as a flying reptile. It is believed that it has the ability of "sustained soaring and flying" because it can range as far as the open sea in order to catch some fish. Since it has a toothless bill, it also has a pouch where it can have the fishes it catches stored. Its head had a bony crest that acts as a counterbalance for its very large beak. It is also believed that it thrives a lot like the Albatross these days.

7. Triceratops

Fossils found in: Niobrara County Wyoming, USA from the year 1889 up to the year 1892
Estimated Weight: 5 up to 6 tonnes
Estimated Length: 9 meters or 29 feet and 6 inches

The Triceratops or the so-called "3-horned face" is also considered as the most popular horned dinosaur. It has a weight equivalent to 2 elephants. The bony and broad frills situated at the back portion of its head are indicated to help it cool down and warm up. It's powerful built and "long facial horns" make it a dreadful opponent to even the biggest carnosaur. Males would lock their horns when they fight.

8. Tyrannosaurus Rex

Fossils found in: Dawson County, Northern Montana, USA in the year 1902
Estimated Height: 5.6 meters or 18 feet and 6 inches
Estimated Length: 14 meters or 64 feet
Estimated Weight: 7 tonnes

The Tyrannosaurus Rex is the most controversial and popular dinosaur that ever lived. Its name signifies "tyrant reptile". It is considered as the most powerful flesh-eating dinosaur that roamed the Earth. It has massive jaws and its teeth are about 18 centimeters in length. It actually rushes to its prey with it jaws opened wide. It will use its huge clawed feet to pin its prey down while it tears off chunks of its flesh using its mouth. This is the most dreaded dinosaur according to belief.For more information on Dinosaur Facts please visit our website.]]>