jitter http://www.artwoo.com Returned search results for jitter Copyright 2008 Tue, 02 Dec 2008 03:58:24 +0000 http://www.artwoo.com/rss/jitter What Is MDI - Media Delivery Index? http://www.artwoo.com/article/what-is-mdi-media-delivery-index http://www.artwoo.com/article/what-is-mdi-media-delivery-index#comments Wed, 21 Mar 2007 22:39:59 +0000 mdiip infrastructureudp packetjitteruser datagram protocoldfmlr http://www.artwoo.com/article/what-is-mdi-media-delivery-index MDI - Media Delivery Index

Media Delivery Index is an open standard for use in quality assurance of IP video systems.

MDI is designed to address the problem of monitoring IP-encapsulated video signals in a live system.

The RFC (RFC 4445) for MDI details the technicalities of this in depth, but the issue of how this applies to real systems is more useful for many people, and that is the aim of this article.

The problem:

The fundamental problem when delivering IP encapsulated video across a network is that losing one IP packet results in multiple media packet loss.

UDP () based systems tend to encapsulate up to 7 188 (or 204) Byte Mpeg Transport Stream packets per . This means that losing one udp packet could result in 7 media packets being lost.

Loss of the media packets means that content is lost and the STB (set top box) or other end device must handle this as well as it can. Depending on the actual content of the packets (video, voice, data, stuffing) at the time, the impact will be different.

In an ideal world -- NO packets (IP or otherwise) would be lost across the network.

The biggest contributing factor to packet loss on a network is . Jitter is a increased packet delivery time caused by buffering on the video flows by network equipment across the .

If jitter is added to the flows, each network device will need to have an accordingly increased buffer size in order to store the ip packets and forward them along the network (while aggregating or removing flows which are going to or from that section of the network).

MDI therefore has 2 main components -- MDI- (Media Loss Rate), and MDI -- (delay factor -- or cumulative jitter).

MDI - MLR relates to the mpeg packets being lost and their rate.

MDI -- DF relates to the current buffer size required for a flow at that point in the network. This component is a number in Milliseconds (mS) and is dependant on the bitrate of the stream being monitored.

Since DF relates to stream bitrates and network jitter, this value changes (gets lower) as streams of higher bitrates are used.

This is an important consideration as it can be a great indicator of impending problems, and also alludes to the fact that your network jitter will have a different impact of streams of different bitrates.

This issue also means that just because your network can deliver Standard Definition Mpeg streams, you cannot make the assumption that High Definition streams will also be ok. (they tend to be higher bitrate and thus the network jitter will affect them more).

MDI was co-authored by Cisco (World dominating network hardware providers) and Ineoquest (World leading video monitoring solutions company) and is used by most proficient solutions providers and in most Quality Of Service (QOS) equipment.

Since MDI caters for both the IP layer and the Mpeg layer of monitoring, it is a very scalable and robust metric to use. Andrew Henry is an IPTV consultant and runs an iptv information site at http://www.iptvanswers.com ]]> What Is MDI - Media Delivery Index? http://www.artwoo.com/article/what-is-mdi-media-delivery-index http://www.artwoo.com/article/what-is-mdi-media-delivery-index#comments Thu, 29 Mar 2007 09:44:00 +0000 mdiip infrastructureudp packetjitteruser datagram protocoldfmlr http://www.artwoo.com/article/what-is-mdi-media-delivery-index MDI - Media Delivery Index

Media Delivery Index is an open standard for use in quality assurance of IP video systems.

MDI is designed to address the problem of monitoring IP-encapsulated video signals in a live system.

The RFC (RFC 4445) for MDI details the technicalities of this in depth, but the issue of how this applies to real systems is more useful for many people, and that is the aim of this article.

The problem:

The fundamental problem when delivering IP encapsulated video across a network is that losing one IP packet results in multiple media packet loss.

UDP () based systems tend to encapsulate up to 7 188 (or 204) Byte Mpeg Transport Stream packets per . This means that losing one udp packet could result in 7 media packets being lost.

Loss of the media packets means that content is lost and the STB (set top box) or other end device must handle this as well as it can. Depending on the actual content of the packets (video, voice, data, stuffing) at the time, the impact will be different.

In an ideal world -- NO packets (IP or otherwise) would be lost across the network.

The biggest contributing factor to packet loss on a network is . Jitter is a increased packet delivery time caused by buffering on the video flows by network equipment across the .

If jitter is added to the flows, each network device will need to have an accordingly increased buffer size in order to store the ip packets and forward them along the network (while aggregating or removing flows which are going to or from that section of the network).

MDI therefore has 2 main components -- MDI- (Media Loss Rate), and MDI -- (delay factor -- or cumulative jitter).

MDI - MLR relates to the mpeg packets being lost and their rate.

MDI -- DF relates to the current buffer size required for a flow at that point in the network. This component is a number in Milliseconds (mS) and is dependant on the bitrate of the stream being monitored.

Since DF relates to stream bitrates and network jitter, this value changes (gets lower) as streams of higher bitrates are used.

This is an important consideration as it can be a great indicator of impending problems, and also alludes to the fact that your network jitter will have a different impact of streams of different bitrates.

This issue also means that just because your network can deliver Standard Definition Mpeg streams, you cannot make the assumption that High Definition streams will also be ok. (they tend to be higher bitrate and thus the network jitter will affect them more).

MDI was co-authored by Cisco (World dominating network hardware providers) and Ineoquest (World leading video monitoring solutions company) and is used by most proficient solutions providers and in most Quality Of Service (QOS) equipment.

Since MDI caters for both the IP layer and the Mpeg layer of monitoring, it is a very scalable and robust metric to use. Andrew Henry is an IPTV consultant and runs an iptv information site at http://www.iptvanswers.com ]]> Overview Of CD RIP Software http://www.artwoo.com/article/overview-of-cd-rip-software http://www.artwoo.com/article/overview-of-cd-rip-software#comments Fri, 06 Oct 2006 20:27:04 +0000 mp3 wavcd ripwav realaudiorip softwarewav filecd ripperscd to mp3 http://www.artwoo.com/article/overview-of-cd-rip-software CD rip software is available all over the Internet. If you want to rip a cd, you'll need software capable of copying music off your cds. That is what's meant by ripping. Once that music has been copied off the cd, or ripped, it then needs to be converted into a format that can be stored on a computer hard drive. For most music lovers, the preferred end result is to rip a format.

For optimum sound quality, it's a good idea to perform an interim step by first converting the cd audio tract into a .. An uncompressed .WAV file will store every bit of the original audio format meaning that the .WAV will be a "true" copy. But its file size will be enormous!

Converting the .WAV file to mp3 format will considerably shrink the file size and it will still maintain much of the sound quality of the original cd. For example, a .WAV that is 50 MB might be only 5 MB as an mp3. The beauty of this small size is that your mp3 player can hold much more of your favorite music!

Some cd rip options

If you're looking for rip cd to mp3 freeware, take a look at CD-Copy. With this software you can convert audio cd ripped tracts to mp3, .WAV, RealAudio and others and you can burn CD audio. It also supports jitter correction and on-the-fly compression.

CD-DA Extractor is a cd shareware application that saves extracted cd audio files to mp3, .WAV and Windows Media Audio. It has support for ID3 tags (which allow you to embed artist, tract, year, and album information and more), has a file converter with sound normalizer, batch support and built-in encoders. It also works with DVD devices so you can rip dvd audio to cd.

Amazing CD ripper truly is amazing. With this comprehensive cd rip software, you really do get it all. Like the other , it saves ripped audio tracts to all the popular formats. The software lets users decide which is more important, speed or quality, and selecting is a simple matter of adjusting the cd rip settings. It doesn't create temp files, it can import cd data from free CDDBs and it supports id3 tags. There's a lot more plus you can even use it as a cd player!

Audiograbber is another rip cd to mp3 freeware product. It includes all the features you'd expect from cd rip software plus it's multi-lingual. It can copy music from a cd, from the radio, and even from cassettes and turntables. It's got built-in support for OGG and it can rip cdg disks (karaoke disks).

These are just some of the many cd rip software programs you can either download for free or pay a nominal price to get. If you're not very computer-savvy, consider sending your cd collection to a cd rip service that can do all this tedious and time-consuming work for you in just a few days. http://www.arizonarips.com ]]> VoIP Via Satellite Internet http://www.artwoo.com/article/voip-via-satellite-internet http://www.artwoo.com/article/voip-via-satellite-internet#comments Thu, 27 Sep 2007 19:30:00 +0000 voip service providerssatellite internet providersvoip providersvoip servicestcp ip protocolvoice over internet protocolvonage http://www.artwoo.com/article/voip-via-satellite-internet Voice over Internet protocol allows voice packets to be sent over Internet bandwidth enabling cheap communication. There are many companies which offer voice over Internet services and some of the leading ones are , Skype, Yahoo and Net2Phone. Consumers can access VoIP over Internet connections like broadband and DSL. Satellite Internet is a new technology that has become very popular in recent times and are able to offer services to customers in remote regions using it. It will still take some time until VOIP by satellite is ultimately stabilized and customers can enjoy the full benefits.

Some of the challenges faced by service providers include packet loss, jitters and limited bandwidth. Service providers like Hughes and Skyframes which have their own satellites are teaming up with the VoIP providers to offer voice services to customers. Designing a VoIP network would require details on the bandwidth requirement for VoIP data. are facing challenges on the bandwidth capacity that would be required to offer via satellite channels. G.729 (b) encoding with a 40 b payload and header compression would require 10 Kbps of bandwidth. Packet loss is another challenge faced by service providers offering satellite VoIP services. Packet loss causes degradation in voice quality. The protocol used for voice traffic transmission is UDP/IP and if the data packets are corrupted they cannot be retransmitted. TCP/IP protocol allows retransmission of data packets. It is important to maintain very low bit error rates to offer high quality voice services to customers. Jitters are another technology hurdle that is faced by satellite . It is used to calculate the delays in packet arrivals that happen because of network delay. If this factor is not within acceptable limits the quality of voice becomes poor and the receiver may not be able to enjoy a good conversation. Jitter buffers are used to overcome this hurdle and ensure that there is less delay in the network. Researchers and scientists are working relentlessly to overcome all hurdles that come in way of experiencing a smooth voice call through satellite Internet.

VoIP by satellite is not ideal because of some more factors. Latency factor refers to the time delay in locating the Geo-stationary satellite and the speed of light. There is a delay of 280 msec because of latency factor. Traffic congestion in the network also affects the quality of VoIP service. This can result in voice packets being dropped, delayed or reaching the receiver out of sequence. Compression technology is another parameter for delivering high quality VoIP service. There are two compression technologies that are followed as industry standards. The G.729 codec uses bandwidth of 18Kbps and RTP uses around 10 Kbps per second. If service providers are able to cope with the technological challenges of VoIP over satellite, it will not be long before remote areas of the United States can connect with the rest of the world. HughesNet offers high speed Satellite Internet to rural areas where DSL and Cable modem do not reach. More at: http://www.GetDSLtoo.com/ ]]> A Review of the TVBoxNet Income Opportunity http://www.artwoo.com/article/a-review-of-the-tvboxnet-income-opportunity http://www.artwoo.com/article/a-review-of-the-tvboxnet-income-opportunity#comments Tue, 07 Oct 2008 05:29:26 +0000 tensor technologiescomposite video inputsuccess unlimitedsatellite channelsbonus featuresinternet based businessesdigital videos http://www.artwoo.com/article/a-review-of-the-tvboxnet-income-opportunity Internet based businesses, including USA, his 7 year old marketing firm. Success Unlimited USA assists companies develop affiliate programs for their online business. TVBoxNet is a division of Success Unlimited USA Inc.

TVBoxNet offers their TVBN ultimate entertainment system. This product is able to provide more than 3000 , burn CDs, watch DVDs, play games and a lot more.

This system will allow you to watch any PC Content on any display. Your PC and TV can now become best friends. This is a wireless device that allows you to easily transmit video content from your laptops to desktops to TV. As more videos from YouTube, iTunes and other Internet sources or PC games, this program is hoping to simplify the process with your 802.11g wireless receiver. Now you can make your PC and TV one. You can transmit video content from your laptops or desktops to TV wirelessly.

Just imagine, turning your TV into a PC Monitor for a moment and belabor the possibilities. You can use this in your bedroom, living room or anywhere else you have your TV Set. This product connects to the TV's component video or . It allows a computer to use its onboard or add-on IEEE802.11 b/g adapter to wirelessly stream video to the TV without any cable. With the video quality at up to 30 frames per second, the transmitted video is smooth and jitter free with virtually no delay or distortion. Browser based Internet Videos and will look great on the big screen TV.

TVBN is a comprehensive platform, offering a total living room, media experience. With and affordable TVBN connection device, individuals are able to bring all the media contents available online from their PCs, right into the living room to access Internet services and online content, through their TV entertainment systems.

The TVBN product with it's "", has a lot of additional , making this a very innovative device in this niche market.

TVBoxNet offers business opportunities through it's sponsorship program, to become an independent, home based business owner/distributor. For a one time, out of pocket $199.00, they offer their MLM, 2X2 Forced Matrix system.

The system provides independent home based business owners a very lucrative plan structure, to make unlimited financial gains with this MLM company. All participating members also receive their very own business website as well as company support and on hands training. Independent distributors have no sponsoring requirements to receive commission, although a distributor would certainly have more options to earn, by sponsoring others.

This company also offer several incentives to their distributor in matching bonuses, to earn money for every member they personally sponsor who cycles Phase One, of the company's 2X2 Forced Matrix system. The TVBoxNet income opportunities are unlimited. As previously mentioned, membership as a independent business owner, is through sponsorship only. An individual has to be recommended by an existing sponsor in order to join.You can read our Unbiased, expert review of TVBoxNet from Brian Garvin and Jeff West at MLM Review Kings. This article may be used royalty free provided bio and links remain intact.]]> Best Investment Right Now to Take Your Audio Recordings to the Next Level! http://www.artwoo.com/article/best-investment-right-now-to-take-your-audio-recordings-to-the-next-level http://www.artwoo.com/article/best-investment-right-now-to-take-your-audio-recordings-to-the-next-level#comments Thu, 21 Aug 2008 12:08:26 +0000 studio acousticsiso boothacoustic spacedifferent gearacoustic treatmentrecording studiosjitter http://www.artwoo.com/article/best-investment-right-now-to-take-your-audio-recordings-to-the-next-level
Many people make the mistake of investing more of their money in gear than in the single greatest asset that most greatly affects the sound quality of a studio recording. It isn't sexy to spend money on, but it is, without a doubt, the biggest separator of the good studios from the bad. It is all about the acoustic build-out and treatment of a room. Let's discuss some of the basics of recording .

Without a doubt, home recording folks and alike get the biggest bang for their buck investing in their recording and monitoring . Don't believe me? Just don't be like the guy who answered incorrectly to this question: What will make a bigger difference in a recording, spending less than a thousand bucks in to fix a 25db null spot at 85Hz in your or even your control room... or avoiding the slight from a cheaper $800 A/D converter by upgrading to a $5000 A/D converter? I have seen it, a client asks what they should do to help their home studio and when it is laid out there for them they end up buying the top-of-the-line converters instead and wonder why they seem to get the same sound out of the same room with the .

Good studio owners understand this. In my recording studios in Arizona, my partners and I have probably invested about $150,000 in gear, but the studio build-out came out to $260,000. That's money spent above and beyond the cost to get into the building itself. Despite the fact that buying new gear is more fun, we understand that studio acoustics is what separates a professional sounding facility from most home studios that just contain nice gear.

Generally speaking, acousticians work with materials to achieve absorption and diffusion. Absorption is generally treating hard surfaces with soft materials to minimize high-frequency reflections. Other reasons for the absorbent materials is shortening slap-back and room reverb time as well as cutting back on mids and higher-frequency standing waves.

On the other hand, diffusion is generally creating irregular surfaces to reflect sound in random directions to break up standing wave intensity. The way you would treat a control room is different from an iso booth or a large recording studio space like a drum room. Control rooms must have a perfect balance of absorption and diffusion to achieve a flat frequency response while iso booths are made to be as dead as possible. On the other hand, live rooms are usually much more reverberant to accentuate drums, strings, horns and piano.

While it is easy to get caught up in the idea that a new piece of gear will bring your recordings up to the next level in professionalism, often it is the simple investment in the room itself that will bring the greatest acoustic return on your investment.Shane Matsumoto runs a post production audio recording facility in Phoenix, AZ called Positive Network Media as well as a set of class A recording studios in Phoenix, AZ. Shane hosts the Indie Music Podcast and independent musician resource site. Engineering credits include BJ Thomas, Comedy Central's Crank Yankers and artists on Metal Blade Records.]]> Personal Reviews About Latest Audio and Video Codec Packs http://www.artwoo.com/article/personal-reviews-about-latest-audio-and-video-codec-packs http://www.artwoo.com/article/personal-reviews-about-latest-audio-and-video-codec-packs#comments Sat, 23 Aug 2008 09:15:41 +0000 ac 3 decoderaudio layer 3mpeg audio layer 3lame encoderogg filesogg vorbisdisk resource http://www.artwoo.com/article/personal-reviews-about-latest-audio-and-video-codec-packs
Advanced Encode Decode Tools supports only Hi-Fi sound compression algorithms, unique AC-3 decoder, WMA, , Mpeg , WAVE file formats. Features include a user-friendly, easy to understand interface (XP style) and also an Audio CD grabbing function that allows us to "rip" CDs and convert them into any of the supported audio formats.

Advanced WMA Workshop is digital audio converter with Windows Explorer-like interface, allowing us to encode WAV, MP3 and to WMA 8 (Windows Media Audio 8) format with variety of format settings (from 8000 to 48000Hz, up to 192kbps), convert WMA,MP3 and OGG files to WAV PCM format, convert WMA files to MP3 format using , and convert WMA to OGG Vorbis format. Audio formats conversion is performed directly, without any temporary WAV files, this fact means higher converting speed and economy of hard . Advanced WMA Workshop internally supports WMA 8 format, WMA 8 encoder improve quality of encoded audio of 30 to 50 percent over WMA 7. We can encode and decode audio files one by one, results in increased performance in case of mass encoding/decoding. We can also edit ID3v1 Tags and copy it from MP3 to WMA file while recoding. Also we can fast and naturally transcode Audio CD tracks directly into any of WMA 9 format, OGG Vorbis, MP3, WAV PCM, APE or FLAC format, using jitter correction to compensate reading errors.

Windows Essentials Codec Pack is a collection of the most essential Audio and Video DirectShow Codecs and Filters for Windows, that enables us to play and view almost all music and video files downloaded from the Internet. It adds support for (S)VCDs and XCDs as well as 3GP, AAC, AC3, APE, AVI, DivX, 3ivx, DAT, h.264, x264, Nero Digital, DTS, FLV, FLAC, HD-MOV, MPEG-1/2, M4A, MP3, MP4, MO3, MOD, MKV, OFR, TTA, OGG/OGM, S3M, Vorbis, VOB, XviD, XM, WV, UMX and many other formats. Essentials Codec Pack also includes Windows Media Player Classic. An integrated auto-update can automatically check for updated codecs. We can stay up to date with the latest codecs with the Audio/Video Codec Update Service, and eliminate the many conflicts and errors caused by using multiple codecs to decode the same file types. Windows Essentials Codec Pack is designed as a user-friendly near complete solution for all our video and audio needs, with it we can play any video/audio file with our favorite DirectShow media player or with the (included) Media Player Classic.

K-Lite Codec Pack (Full) includes 99% of all the audio and video codecs we will ever need. Just install this pack, and we will be able to play just about any media file out there. It includes DivX, XviD, x264, MPEG 1/2, MP3, Monkey's Audio, Media Player Classic, On2 V6/V7 and many others. The installer lets us choose which codecs to install, or we can use the default profile which installs all of them. K-Lite Codec Pack also provides access to configuration options for each codec whenever available.

If we want to gain high quality of audio and video, Advanced Encode Decode Tools is a good choice. Advanced WMA Workshop has a Windows Explorer-like interface; even beginners can master it soon. Windows Essentials Codec Pack and K-Lite Codec Pack support almost all audio and video formats. Windows Essentials Codec Pack features essential audio and video DirectShow codecs and filters. It is an ideal solution for advanced users. Why are you still reading? Download a powerful audio and video encode decode tool and enjoy your audio and video now!SoftSea.com provide the latest software reviews and downloads, include many freeware, shareware and demo software.]]> Camcorders: A Guide to Beginners http://www.artwoo.com/article/camcorders-a-guide-to-beginners http://www.artwoo.com/article/camcorders-a-guide-to-beginners#comments Mon, 13 Oct 2008 21:22:20 +0000 flash memory devicesanalogue componentsdigital camcordersoptical functionsvideo signalsdigital storageprofessional aspects http://www.artwoo.com/article/camcorders-a-guide-to-beginners
From the early generation of camcorder that used digital tape to store data to the more advanced ones that use non-removable media like hard disk drives to store, the camcorder has come a long way in the direction of technology and performance. The latest and sophisticated camcorders use two different storage media such as built-in HDD and memory card.

Major components:

Lens, imager and recorder are the three major components of the camcorders. Lens encompasses aperture, zoom and shutter. In a professional camcorder the lens is manually controlled for all . However, in a consumer unit it is generally controlled by the electronics of the camcorder. The prime function of lens is to gather and focus light on the imager. When the image is projected on the imager through the camera lens the light is converted to an electronic video signal. And last but not the least, it is the function of the recorder to write the video-signals to the recording medium. However, the record controlling system of the camcorders allows the user to control the device.

Classification:

The camcorders are classified as digital and analogue basing on their storage devices. The are with imager-chip. Betamax, VHS, Video8 are example of camcorders with analogue storage form. However, the include MiniDV, DVD, hard drive, digital8 as their memory. The allows perfect resolution of video without any colour jitter or fade. There are some camcorders using , small hard disks and Microdrives.

While considering the classification of camcorders according to consumer and , the consumer camcorders emphasize on features like portability, price and ease of use. However, the professional camcorders excel in technical performance. They have many manually controlled technologies that the consumer camcorders lack despite of having ample of I/O options.

Uses of Camcorders:

Home:

Camcorders have become one of the popular gadgets in many homes like many other electronic devices. Unlike still photography a video coverage of personal celebrations like wedding, birthday and other personal events can make the memory live forever.

Media:

Any electronic media showcasing news, special events or any other live telecast can not do without camcorders. Camcorders have been proved as a feasible device to record and store events that can be telecasted from the studio later on.

Entertainment:

In many TV channels, where low budget TV shows are the target, camcorders feasibly cater to the requirements.

Politics:

The political protesters use camcorder as a useful device to make their point strong on the basis of proof. These days, even the police are using camcorders during riots or protests to track the troublemaker and take action against the real culprit.

A camcorder allows recording of video staring from 30 mins with VHS-C and mini DVD camcorders to several hours with hard disk and flash drive camcorders. The important mechanism involved in camcorders allows watching the recorded video on the device itself. The VHS-C tapes and the mini DVDs can be viewed using VCR and DVD player respectively. Camcorders with Hi8, Flash drive or hard disk require television to view the video or the video can be uploaded to the computer using video editing program.

Today, many brands of camcorders are available with different models. The change of technology has enhanced the features of camcorders in the aspect of performance, compactness and feasibility. The accessories are, to a large extent, responsible for the increasing functionality of the high-end device. For a novice user of camcorder, it is advisable to gather adequate knowledge before purchasing the sophisticated gadget.ou can have access to portuguese articles about camcorders from page Camcorder Roberto Sedycias works as IT consultant for Polomercantil]]>